36-315-Lec4

# 36-315: Statistical Graphics and Visualization
## Lecture 4

Meghan Hall <br> Department of Statistics & Data Science <br> Carnegie Mellon University <br> May 28, 2021

---
layout: true
<div class="my-footer"><span>cmu-36315.netlify.app</span></div>
---

# From last time

<br>

<br>

---

# Updates

<br>

<br>

<br>

---

# Today

<br>

<br>

---

# Today's data

---

# Today's data

```r
chopped %>% 
  glimpse()
```

```
## Rows: 569
## Columns: 21
## $ season           <dbl> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,…
## $ season_episode   <dbl> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 1, 2, 3, 4…
## $ series_episode   <dbl> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16…
## $ episode_rating   <dbl> 9.2, 8.8, 8.9, 8.5, 8.8, 8.5, 8.8, 9.0, 8.9, 8.8, 8.8…
## $ episode_name     <chr> "Octopus, Duck, Animal Crackers", "Tofu, Blueberries,…
## $ episode_notes    <chr> "This is the first episode with only three official i…
## $ air_date         <chr> "January 13, 2009", "January 20, 2009", "January 27, …
## $ judge1           <chr> "Marc Murphy", "Aarón Sánchez", "Aarón Sánchez", "Sco…
## $ judge2           <chr> "Alex Guarnaschelli", "Alex Guarnaschelli", "Alex Gua…
## $ judge3           <chr> "Aarón Sánchez", "Marc Murphy", "Marc Murphy", "Geoff…
## $ appetizer        <chr> "baby octopus, bok choy, oyster sauce, smoked paprika…
## $ entree           <chr> "duck breast, green onions, ginger, honey", "daikon, …
## $ dessert          <chr> "prunes, animal crackers, cream cheese", "phyllo doug…
## $ contestant1      <chr> "Summer Kriegshauser", "Raymond Jackson", "Margaritte…
## $ contestant1_info <chr> "Private Chef and Nutrition Coach  New York  NY", "Pr…
## $ contestant2      <chr> "Perry Pollaci", "Klaus Kronsteiner", "Rachelle Rodwe…
## $ contestant2_info <chr> "Private Chef and Sous chef  Bar Blanc  New York  NY"…
## $ contestant3      <chr> "Katie Rosenhouse", "Christopher Jackson", "Chris Bur…
## $ contestant3_info <chr> "Pastry Chef  Olana Restaurant  New York  NY", "Execu…
## $ contestant4      <chr> "Sandy Davis", "Pippa Calland", "Andre Marrero", "Ein…
## $ contestant4_info <chr> "Catering Chef  Showstoppers Catering at Union Theolo…
```

---

# Today's data

<table class="table" style="font-size: 16px; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> series_episode </th>
   <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> episode_rating </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> judge1 </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> judge2 </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> judge3 </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> appetizer </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> entree </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> dessert </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> baby octopus, bok choy, oyster sauce, smoked paprika </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> duck breast, green onions, ginger, honey </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> prunes, animal crackers, cream cheese </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> firm tofu, tomato paste, prosciutto </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> daikon, pork loin, Napa cabbage, Thai chiles, Blue Point oysters </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> phyllo dough, gorgonzola cheese, pineapple rings, blueberries </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.9 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lump crab meat, dried shiitake mushrooms, pink grapefruit, bran cereal </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> ground beef, cannellini beans, tahini paste, grape jelly </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> brioche, cantaloupe, pecans, avocados </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

# Data types

<br>
<br>
.large[Categorical/qualitative]
<br>
.medium[Ordered vs. unordered/nominal]
<br>
.medium[judges, ingredients, date]
<br>

<br>
.large[Numeric/quantitative]
<br>
.medium[Discrete vs. continuous]
<br>
.medium[`episode_rating`]
<br>

---

# Visualizing distributions

<br>

<br>

.large[Pros/cons of different ways to visualize distributions]
<br>
.medium[And compare distributions]

---

# Today's agenda

<br>

1. histograms

2. density plots

3. box plots

4. violin plots

5. ridgeline plots

]

---

# Today's agenda

<br>

1. **histograms**

2. density plots

3. box plots

4. violin plots

5. ridgeline plots

]

---

# 1. Histograms

<br>

.large[You need:]
<br>
.medium[A numeric value with lots of values]
<br>
.medium[and meaningful differences between values]

<br>

<br>

---

# 1. Histograms

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_histogram()
```

---

# 1. Histograms

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_histogram(bins = 5)
```

---

# 1. Histograms

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_histogram(bins = 100)
```

---

# 1. Histograms

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_histogram(bins = 35)
```

---

# 1. Histograms

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.5)
```

---

# 1. Histograms

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.1)
```

---

# 1. Histograms

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.1,  fill = "#ce7232", color = "black")
```

---

# 1. Histograms

**comparing distributions and using `str_detect`**

```r
chopped %>% 
  mutate(berry_dessert = ifelse(`str_detect`(dessert, "berries"), 
                      "Berry Dessert", "Berry-Free Dessert")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, fill = berry_dessert)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.1)
```

---

# Today's agenda

<br>

1. histograms

2. **density plots**

3. box plots

4. violin plots

5. ridgeline plots

]

---

# 2. Density plots

<br>

<br>

.large[You need:]
<br>
.medium[A large sample size]
<br>
.medium[(Can be misleading with small data sets)]

---

# 2. Density plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_density()
```

---

# 2. Density plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_density(fill = "#ce7232", `alpha` = 0.75)
```

---

# 2. Density plots

**overlaying a histogram**

```r
chopped %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, y = ..density..)) +
  # the y argument scales down the histogram 
  # to match the density curve
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.1, fill = "#ce7232", 
                 color = "black", alpha = 0.75) +
  geom_density()
```

---

# 2. Density plots

<br>

---

# 2. Density plots

**comparing two distributions**

```r
chopped %>% 
  mutate(berry_dessert = ifelse(str_detect(dessert, "berries"), 
                      "Berry Dessert", "Berry-Free Dessert")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, `fill` = berry_dessert)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.4)
```

---

# 2. Density plots

<br>

---

# 2. Density plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  mutate(berry_dessert = ifelse(str_detect(dessert, "berries"), 
                      "Berry Dessert", "Berry-Free Dessert")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, `color` = berry_dessert)) +
  geom_density()
```

---

# 2. Density plots

<br>

---

# 2. Density plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  mutate(berry_dessert = ifelse(str_detect(dessert, "berries"), 
                      "Berry Dessert", "Berry-Free Dessert")) %>% 
  filter(!is.na(episode_rating)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_density(fill = "#ce7232", alpha = 0.5) +
  facet_wrap(~berry_dessert)
```

---

# 2. Density plots

<br>

---

# Today's agenda

<br>

1. histograms

2. density plots

3. **box plots**

4. violin plots

5. ridgeline plots

]

---

# 3. Box plots

<br>

<br>

<br>

---

# 3. Box plots

---

# 3. Box plots

```r
chopped %>%
  mutate(year = `str_sub`(air_date, -4)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = year, x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_boxplot()
```

---

# `str_sub`

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(date) %>% 
  mutate(year = `str_sub`(air_date, -4))
```

<table class="table" style="font-size: 16px; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> air_date </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> year </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> January 13, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> January 20, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> January 27, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> February 3, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> February 10, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> February 17, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> February 24, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> March 3, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> March 10, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> March 17, 2009 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> 2009 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

# 3. Box plots

```r
chopped %>%
  mutate(year = `str_sub`(air_date, -4)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = year, x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_boxplot()
```

---

# 3. Box plots

**modifying outliers**

```r
chopped %>%
  mutate(year = str_sub(air_date, -4)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = year, x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_boxplot(fill = "gray", outlier.color = "#ce7232", 
               outlier.shape = "circle open", outlier.size = 2)
```

---

# 3. Box plots

<br>

---

# 3. Box plots

**highlighting a certain group**

```r
chopped %>% 
  mutate(year = str_sub(air_date, -4)) %>% 
  mutate(highlight_2013 = ifelse(year == 2013, 
                                 "highlight", "normal")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = year, x = episode_rating, fill = highlight_2013)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#bb0000","#dddddd")) +
  theme(legend.position = "none")
```

---

# 3. Box plots

<br>

---

# 3. Box plots

**marking the mean**

```r
chopped %>%
  mutate(year = str_sub(air_date, -4)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = year, x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_boxplot(fill = "gray") +
* stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = "point",
*              shape = "square", size = 2, color = "red")
```

---

# 3. Box plots

<br>

---

# 3. Box plots

**adding jittered points**

```r
chopped %>%
  mutate(year = str_sub(air_date, -4)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = year, x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
* geom_jitter(color = "black", size = 0.4, alpha = 0.5)
```

---

# 3. Box plots

<br>

---

# 3. Box plots

**suppressing outliers**

```r
chopped %>%
  mutate(year = str_sub(air_date, -4)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = year, x = episode_rating)) +
* geom_boxplot(outlier.shape = NA) +
  geom_jitter(color="black", size = 0.4, alpha = 0.5)
```

---

# 3. Box plots

<br>

---

# Today's agenda

<br>

1. histograms

2. density plots

3. box plots

4. **violin plots**

5. ridgeline plots

]

---

# 4. Violin plots

<br>

<br>

---

# 4. Violin plots

---

# 4. Violin plots

**overlaying a boxplot**

```r
chopped %>% 
  mutate(berry_dessert = ifelse(str_detect(dessert, "berries"), 
                      "Berry Dessert", "Berry-Free Dessert")) %>% 
  filter(!is.na(episode_rating)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = berry_dessert, x = episode_rating)) + 
  geom_violin() +
  geom_boxplot(width = 0.1, color = "grey", alpha = 0.5,
               outlier.colour = "red")
```

---

# 4. Violin plots

<br>

---

# 4. Violin plots

---

# 4. Violin plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(series_episode, episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, values_to = "judge", names_to = NULL)
```

<table class="table" style="font-size: 16px; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> series_episode </th>
   <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> episode_rating </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> judge </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.9 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.9 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.9 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Scott Conant </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

# 4. Violin plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(series_episode, episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, 
               values_to = "judge", names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge)
```

<table class="table" style="font-size: 16px; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> series_episode </th>
   <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> episode_rating </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> judge </th>
   <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;color: white !important;background-color: #bb0000 !important;"> n </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 191 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 208 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 126 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 126 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 208 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 191 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.9 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Aarón Sánchez </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 126 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.9 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Alex Guarnaschelli </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 208 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.9 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Marc Murphy </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 191 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Scott Conant </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 194 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

# 4. Violin plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(series_episode, episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, 
               values_to = "judge", names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge) %>% 
  filter(n > 100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = judge, x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_violin() +
  geom_boxplot(width = 0.1, color = "grey", alpha = 0.5,
               outlier.colour = "red")
```

---

# 4. Violin plots

<br>

---

# 4. Violin plots

**adding a custom axis**

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(series_episode, episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, 
               values_to = "judge", names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge) %>% 
  filter(n > 100) %>% 
* mutate(custom_axis = paste0(judge, "\n", n, " episodes")) %>%
  ggplot(aes(y = custom_axis, x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_violin() +
  geom_boxplot(width = 0.1, color = "grey", alpha = 0.5,
               outlier.colour = "red")
```

---

# 4. Violin plots

---

# 4. Violin plots

**ordering the custom axis**

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(series_episode, episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, 
               values_to = "judge", names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge) %>% 
  filter(n > 100) %>% 
  mutate(custom_axis = paste0(judge, "\n", n, " episodes")) %>% 
* ggplot(aes(y = reorder(custom_axis, n), x = episode_rating)) +
  geom_violin() +
  geom_boxplot(width = 0.1, color = "grey", alpha = 0.5,
               outlier.colour = "red")
```

---

# 4. Violin plots

---

# Today's agenda

<br>

1. histograms

2. density plots

3. box plots

4. violin plots

5. **ridgeline plots**

]

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

<br>

<br>

.large[Requires the `ggridges` package]
<br>
.medium[An extension of `ggplot2`]
<br>
.medium[Uses the same syntax]

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, values_to = "judge", 
               names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge) %>% 
  filter(n > 100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, y = judge)) +
* geom_density_ridges(stat = "binline", binwidth = 0.1)
```

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

**including a median line**

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, values_to = "judge", 
               names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge) %>% 
  filter(n > 100 & !is.na(episode_rating)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, y = judge, episode_rating)) +
* stat_density_ridges(quantile_lines = TRUE, quantiles = 2)
```

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

**ordering by mean**

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, values_to = "judge", 
               names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge) %>% 
  filter(n > 100 & !is.na(episode_rating)) %>% 
* mutate(judge = fct_reorder(judge, episode_rating, .fun = mean)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, y = judge)) +
  geom_density_ridges()
```

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

**adding jittered points**

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

**adding a rug plot**

```r
chopped %>% 
  select(episode_rating, judge1:judge3) %>% 
  pivot_longer(judge1:judge3, 
               values_to = "judge", names_to = NULL) %>% 
  add_count(judge) %>% 
  filter(n > 100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, y = judge)) +
  geom_density_ridges(jittered_points = TRUE,
    position = position_points_jitter(width = 0.05, height = 0),
*   point_shape = '|', point_size = 3, point_alpha = 1,
    alpha = 0.7)
```

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

**adding a raincloud plot**

```r
chopped %>% 
  mutate(berry_dessert = ifelse(str_detect(dessert, "berries"), 
                      "Berry Dessert", "Berry-Free Dessert")) %>% 
  filter(!is.na(episode_rating)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = episode_rating, y = berry_dessert)) +
  geom_density_ridges(jittered_points = TRUE, alpha = 0.5, 
                      point_size = 0.5, scale = 0.6,
*                     position = "raincloud")
```

---

# 5. Ridgeline plots

---

# Upcoming

<br>

<br>

<br>